Alexander had been a fairly liberal man of disposition with regard to Russia. He had appointed the Polish patriot Adam Czartoryski as chief of staff from 1804 to 1806, had maintained the Finnish parliamentary system, had given Poland a constitution in 1815 and then supported a constitutional monarchy in France. However, the Holy Covenant and the ensuing convention system guessed what was called the “retaliation,” as European aristocrats, once threatened, once concentrated power and wealth in their hands again. On the other hand, the four-man alliance was a standard contract and the four major powers did not invite any of their allies to sign it. The priority objective was to retain signatures in order to support the terms of the second Paris Treaty for 20 years. It contained a provision that the High Contracting Parties “renew their meeting at fixed times… for the purpose of consultation on their common interests, which were the “well-being of nations and the maintenance of peace in Europe”. One of the problems with the wording of Article VI of the Treaty is that it did not specify what these “fixed deadlines” would be and that there were no provisions of the treaty for a standing committee to organize and organize the conferences. This meant that the first conference of 1818 addressed the remaining issues of the French wars, but subsequently conditions were organized on an ad hoc basis to deal with the specific threats associated with the revolutions. In implementing the results of the negotiations, it is essential that as many parties as possible support the final agreement. However, the success of the negotiation process, with more than five parties, seems very difficult.
Complexity hinders the effectiveness of negotiations; The number of games counts. One could postulate that the larger the number of games, the richer the process, the more choices, the more possibilities, the more inclusive the end result. That is certainly true, but dealing with a very complex multilateral process is often a burden. Especially when, as in the 19th century, rules and regulations were lacking. The Vienna Congress, for example, has never adopted uniform procedures and, without such protection from the negotiation process, it is very difficult to steer the parties in the desired direction. When the four great European powers (Britain, Prussia, Russia and Austria), which resisted the French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars, collapsed in 1814, they began planning for the post-war world. The Treaty of Chaumont of March 1814 confirmed decisions that were to be ratified by the most important Congress of Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The Vienna Congress was the first in a series of international meetings known as Europe`s Concert, an attempt to forge a peaceful balance of power in Europe.
It served as a model for later organizations such as the League of Nations in 1919 and the United Nations in 1945. These included the creation of a confederal Germany, the division of French protectorates and annexations into independent states, the re-establishment of the Bourbon kings of Spain, the enlargement of the Netherlands to modern Belgium in 1830 and the continuation of British subsidies to their allies. The Treaty of Chaumont unites the powers to defeat Napoleon and became the cornerstone of the concert of Europe, which constituted the balance of power for the next two decades.